Luther 95 theses original. Read the words that sparked the Reformation.
- Luther 95 theses original. The original 95 Theses were written in Latin, the language of the Catholic church. For oral debate on November 1, 1517 Out of love and zeal for truth and the desire to bring it to light, the following theses will be publicly discussed at Wittenberg under the chairmanship of the reverend father, Martin Luther, Master of Arts and Sacred Theology and regularly appointed Lecturer on these subjects at that place. Die 95 Thesen sind das berühmteste Werk von Martin Luther. ) Disputation of Doctor Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences Jun 1, 1995 · "Disputation of Doctor Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences" by Dr. Martin Luther 95 Thesen des Theologen Dr. Holman Company, 1915), Vol. Jan 19, 2025 · Martin Luther’s 95 Theses ignited a revolution in religion, influencing the course of the Protestant Reformation across Europe. 2017 feiern wir den fünfhundertsten Jahrestag des Oct 31, 2017 · October 31 isn’t just Halloween, it’s also Reformation Day —the anniversary of Martin Luther nailing his 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Castle church in Germany in 1517. Oct 9, 2023 · The 95 Theses In 1517, Luther’s growing disillusionment with certain Church practices reached a tipping point. In response, Luther wrote his “95 Theses,” a list of statements on religious matters. Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses―on the right in one of only six existing printed broadside, or single-page, copies―is a list of points for a university debate on the moral and ethical validity of indulgences. He requests that whoever cannot be present personally to debate the Les 95 thèses portent principalement sur l'une des questions clés pour Luther : la pratique grandissante de la vente des indulgences par l' Église catholique, autorisée par le pape Léon X pour financer la construction de la basilique Saint-Pierre de Rome. The volatile elements were already present. Jul 9, 2025 · Get the Martin Luther 95 Theses PDF for free. 1, pp This booklet contains three documents from the very dawn of the Reformation: Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses examining indulgences, his letter to the archbishop of Mainz, Albrecht, dated 31 October 1517 to which he appended a copy of the Ninety-Five Theses (both originally written in Latin, the official language of church and university), and his earliest published German sermon on the Apr 2, 2014 · Martin Luther was a German monk who forever changed Christianity when he nailed his '95 Theses' to a church door in 1517, sparking the Protestant Reformation. In several of the theses, we’ve added some alternate translation text to hopefully assist in explanation – these are in [square brackets]. The disputation which Luther announced never took place, but his challenge made him On October 31, 1517 Martin Luther posted the 95 Theses on the Castle Church door in Wittenberg, Germany. uk. & Eds. 0 (Extended OCR) Ppi 300 Scanner Internet Archive HTML5 Uploader 1 Martin Luther's 95 Theses Here they are, all of the Martin Luther 95 theses, posted on the church door in Wittenberg, Germany, October 31, 1517. Martin Luther and the Reformation The 95 Theses Luther's Explanations of the 95 Theses Luther's 95 Theses (Educational Video - 11 minutes) The Heidelberg Disputation - Thesis Only Luther's presentation to the 95 Theses Dr. Indulgences and the '95 Theses' The '95 Theses' posed questions about the church's sale of 'indulgences', a means by which Catholics could be exempted from punishment for certain sins. Table of Contents: About Luther Bible Commentaries Famous Passages of Martin Luther Selected Hymns of Martin Luther Selected Prayers of Martin Luther Selected Sermons from Martin Luther Concerning Christian Liberty Disputation On the Divinity and Humanity of Christ The German Mass and Order of Divine Service The Last Written Words of Luther Dec 1, 2021 · Luther's 97 theses on the topic of scholastic theology had been posted only a month before his 95 theses focusing on the sale of indulgences. O evento marca o início da Reforma Protestante, de onde posteriormente veio a Igreja Presbiteriana, e representa um marco e um ponto de partida When Luther shared these views publicly, he was branded a heretic. Aug 7, 2018 · Martin Luther's 95 Theses by Martin Luther Collection bethmardutho; Princeton; americana Contributor Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute Language English Item Size 124. 6M 95 Theses, Martin Luther Addeddate 2019-01-23 12:06:48 Identifier 95ThesesMartinLuther Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t6j17hx73 Ocr ABBYY FineReader 11. His works in Latin and in German widely spread thanks to printing. 《九十五條論綱》（Fünfundneunzig Thesen） [1]，或称《關於贖罪券的意義及效果的見解》（拉丁語： Disputatio pro declaratione virtutis indulgentiarum[a]），是一份反對 贖罪券 的学术 论辩 提綱，由 薩克森選侯國 维滕贝格大学 道德 神学 教授 馬丁·路德 於1517年撰写；在论纲当中，他反对教廷出售赎罪券敛财 . 17 Jul 2025. The posting of the 95 Theses gave rise to a series of debates which caused Luther to radically rethink the doctrine of confession and absolution. OCTOBER 31, 1517 Out of love for the truth and the desire to bring it to light, the following propositions will be discussed at Wittenberg, under the presidency of the Reverend Father Martin Luther, Master of Arts and of Sacred Theology, and Lecturer in Ordinary on the same at that place. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. , Trans. However, in 1507 after nearly being struck by lightening, he decided The Ninety-five Theses (95 Theses) or Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences (Latin: Disputatio pro declaratione virtutis indulgentiarum) [1] is a list of propositions for an academic disputation written in 1517 by Martin Luther. Created Date1/3/2018 1:50:21 PM Die 95 Thesen Aus Liebe zur Wahrheit und in dem Bestreben, diese zu ergründen, soll in Wittenberg unter dem Vorsitz des ehrwürdigen Vaters Martin Luther, Magisters der freien Künste und der heiligen Theologie sowie deren ordentlicher Professor daselbst, über die folgenden Sätze disputiert werden. These documents, which span the Reformer's literary career, point to the enduring and flexible character May 27, 2002 · Legends about Luther: Nailing the 95 Theses October 31, 1517: Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg with hammer strokes which echoed throughout all of Europe. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong. M. MARTIN LUTHER, NINETY-FIVE THESES (1517)1 Martin Luther (1483–1546) was a theologian and preacher who spearheaded the Protestant Reformation movement. Martino Lutter, Artium et S. A drawing Martin Luther and of the Schlosskirche Wittenberg add interest to this PXPRiNIT AT VVLTVS CBRA LVCA OCCIDVOS. Martin Luther (1483 -1546) damit schlagartig berühmt machte. Apr 25, 2008 · The Project Gutenberg EBook of Martin Luther's 95 Theses, by Martin Luther This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. Feb 25, 2025 · Luther’s message of freedom In 1517, eight years before the German Peasants’ War, Luther launched the Reformation with his 95 Theses. For that reason, Fortress Press has recent-ly published Martin Luther’s 95 Theses with commentary and introduction by Timothy J. Or so a version of the story goes! His actions eventually kicked off the Protestant Reformation. Read the words that sparked the Reformation. The 95 Theses of Martin Luther By Jim Elliff On October 31st, 1517, Dr. However, in 1507 after nearly being struck by lightening, he decided The Ninety-Five Theses (original Latin: Disputatio pro declaratione virtutis indulgentiarum) were written by Martin Luther in 1517 and are widely regarded as the initial catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. The movement was entwined with the introduction of Gutenberg’s printing press, allowing the rapid spread of texts such as pamphlets and vernacular Bibles. These points of discussion were immediately distributed across the German countryside and soon over the whole European continent. Mar 17, 2015 · Citation: C N Trueman "The 95 Theses – a modern translation" historylearningsite. The History Learning Site, 17 Mar 2015. It was put up in the 19th century as a memorial. The 95 Theses – a Tale of Survival Jane Haslam looks at the story behind one of the most remarkable items in The London Library’s collection – an original, and extremely rare, copy of one of the three editions of Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses known to have been printed in 1517. Wengert, and with two accompanying documents by Luther (the October 31, 1517, letter to Archbishop Albrecht and the 1518 Sermon on Indulgences and Grace). Disputation of Doctor Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences by Dr Luther sent his 95 Theses to a few bishops and some friends; therefore he did not expect or receive a prompt response. A pastor friend of mine posted this on his church daily e-news letter, and I The Ninety-five Theses or Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences[a] is a list of propositions for an academic disputation written in 1517 by Martin Luther, then a professor of moral theology at the University of Wittenberg, Germany. Martin Luther, 1517 Published in: Works of Martin Luther Adolph Spaeth, L. Original 95 Theses Amore et studio elucidande veritas hec subscripta disputabuntur Wittenberge, Presidente R. Call Number: Online - free - HathiTrust Digital Library Oct 31, 2014 · Justin Holcomb explains Martin Luther’s Ninety-five Theses from 1517 and why they matter today. This work is a pivotal historical publication that critiques the practice of indulgences within the Catholic Church. Luther posted his theses on the castle door at Wittenberg on either October 31 or No-vember 1, 1517. Martin Luther posted it on the doors of the Wittenberg Castle Church on October 31st of 1517. D. Wherefore he requests that those who are unable to be present and debate orally with us, may do so by letter. La rédaction du document aurait principalement été inspirée par les abus du moine dominicain Johann Tetzel, avec lequel Luther Apr 8, 2025 · When Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the church in Wittenberg, Germany, on October 31, 1517, he knew it would cause a few ripples. This word cannot be understood as referring to the sacrament of penance, that is, confession and satisfaction, as administered by the clergy. For the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, a new translation of Martin Luther's most famous works by leading Luther scholar and pastor William Russell This volume contains selections from Martin Luther's most evocative and provocative writings, freshly translated, for the 21st century. If you want to droll books, lots of novels, tale, jokes, and more fictions collections are along with launched, from best seller to one of the most current released. Oct 12, 2017 · The original text of the 95 Theses was written in Latin, since that was the academic language of Luther’s day. The Ninety-five Theses or Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences[a] is a list of propositions for an academic disputation written in 1517 by Martin Luther, then a professor of moral theology at the University of Wittenberg, Germany. He was convinced that all Christians, not just the clergy, had the right to read and understand the Bible. e. I think the reason is because of the archaic and verbose language. Jul 5, 2025 · Ninety-five Theses, propositions for debate concerned with the question of indulgences, written in Latin and possibly posted by Martin Luther on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg on October 31, 1517. So an important question is, "Exactly what is the connection between the new 69 theses Here are the 95 Theses Martin Luther nailed on the church door at Wittenburg, October 31, 1517: Martin Luther “The Ninety Five Theses” — the common title to his “Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences” — is more widely associated with Luther’s name than anything else he wrote. The original wooden door of the Castle Church was destroyed in a fire. Martin Luther, 1517 Disputation of Doctor Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences by Dr. In response to his objections to the Catholic Church's practice of selling indulgences, Martin Luther wrote his 95 theses which led Pope Leo to condemn Luther as a heretic and ultimately the Jun 27, 2022 · In a general way it may be said that for the positive views of Luther on the subjects discussed, Theses 30–37 and 42–52 are the most vital, while Theses 92–95 are sufficient evidence of the motive which led Luther to make his protest. Martin Luther (1517). You can see Luther’s original statement, in Latin, here. Oct 12, 2022 · Do the 95 Theses still exist in their original form? One of the most amazing treasures in The London Library's collection, an original copy of one of the three known 1517 printings of Martin Luther's Ninety-Five **Theses **that is exceptionally rare, is examined by Jane Haslam. Jan 23, 2019 · Luther's 95 Theses by Martin Luther Publication date 1517 Topics Martin Luther Collection opensource Language English Item Size 7. Er soll sie 1517 wirkmächtig an die Türen der Schlosskirche in Wittenberg geschlagen haben. At the encouragement of his father, he was determined to become a lawyer. Door of church of 95 Theses. The 95 Theses of Martin Luther, translated from the original Latin statement of 31 Nearly all the more well-known writings of Luther are here in their entirety: The 95 Theses (1517), On the Liberty of a Christian (1520), the Open Letter to the German Nobility (1520), various Bible commentaries, Larger and Smaller Catechisms, and scores of sermons and prayers. Mar 24, 2025 · The "95 Theses" and Excommunication On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther famously nailed his "95 Theses" to the chapel door of the University of Wittenberg, an act that ignited the Protestant Reformation. Some humanists and princes passionately approved of the theses, but parts of the Roman Church completely rejected them. 1483-1546) objected to scholastic theology on the grounds that it could not reveal the truth of God and denounced indulgences – writs sold by the Church to shorten one's When a German Protestant theologian decides to use the terminology of 69 Theses in the title of a book to be published for the 500 th anniversary of the Protestant Reformation, there is obviously a reference to Martin Luther's famous 95 Theses, which were issued from Wittenberg, Germany, on October 31, 1517. [1] Luther argued that the Church should not sell indulgences. Discover the historical masterpiece that sparked the Reformation. Though English translations are readily available, many have found the 95 Theses difficult to read and comprehend. Theologie Magistro eiusdemque ibidem lectore Ordinario. Wittenberg. Luther continued to write and teach on the subject of reforming the church, and his views began to gather support. Oct 29, 2009 · The 95 Theses, which would later become the foundation of the Protestant Reformation, were written in a remarkably humble and academic tone, questioning rather than accusing. All Saints' Church, commonly referred to as Schlosskirche (Castle Church) to distinguish it from the Stadtkirche (Town Church) of St. P. Out of love and concern for the truth, and with the object of eliciting it, the following heads will be the subject of a public discussion at Wittenberg under the presidency of the reverend father, Martin Luther, Augustinian, Master of Arts and Sacred Theology, and duly appointed Lecturer on these subjects in that place. 'Theses Door' where Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses, Schlosskirche (All Saints' Church). Martin Luther's Disputatio pro declaratione virtutis indulgentiarum of 1517, commonly known as the Ninety-Five Theses, is considered the central document of the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther (l. co. Many practices and beliefs of the Catholic Church seemed to him immoral and degenerative. (Philadelphia: A. Luther nailed the 95 theses on the Wittenberg castle church door. All his life Luther published theological writings. When our Lord and Master Jesus Christ said, ``Repent'' (Mt 4:17), he willed the entire life of believers to be one of repentance. J. This document survives in a museum today. org Title: Martin Luther's The 95 Theses of Martin Luther (1517) Dennis Bratcher, ed. Martin Luther would develop his views further as time went on. Luther’s theses were quickly translated into German, published in pamphlet form and spread throughout Germany. It sparked a theological debate that fueled the Reformation and subsequently resulted in the birth of Protestantism and the Lutheran, Reformed, and Anabaptist traditions within Christianity This page includes a data base of documents by the major religious leaders of the Sixteenth Century, and news articles from the 400th anniversary of the Protestant Reformation in 1917. 1M The 95 Theses in many ways started the Protestant Reformation. (Or read a summary of the 95 theses. Martin Luther is a theological document written in the early 16th century, a time marked by significant tension and transformation within the Christian church. Historians and other experts on the subject argue that Oct 31, 2016 · Although Luther’s criticisms of indulgences in the 95 Theses stand at variance with his later Reformation theology, the document remains an important witness to a stage in the Reformer’s thinking. How original were Martin Luther's 95 theses? Were most of his 95 theses something that was already discussed among some parts the Catholic clergy, or was he proposing something completely new? Archived post. The best way to read them is in context with a reliable guide. ” The effect of the following theses depends to some extent on the double meaning of “pœnitentia”—penitence and penance. It is believed that Luther sent the 95 theses to Roman Catholic bishops. Ninety-Five Theses The 95 Theses The Ninety-Five Theses on the Power of Indulgences, commonly known as The Ninety-Five Theses, is a list of complaints about the Catholic Church which was written by Martin Luther in the year 1517. This act has been portrayed numerous times thoughout the centuries, and until the 21st century it was accepted as fact. The Theses is retrospectively considered to have launched the Protestant Reformation and the birth of Protestantism, despite various proto-Protestant Oct 31, 2013 · I’ve attempted to read through the 95 theses several times, and never gotten past #20 without my eyes blurring and having to start just skimming them. Nov 7, 2002 · Prepared with an introduction, explanatory notes and illustrations all to help readers in discerning the significance of Luther's call to reformation. [b] The Theses are retrospectively considered to have launched the Protestant Reformation and the birth of Protestantism, despite various proto 95 Theses The 95 Theses, a document written by Martin Luther in 1517, challenged the teachings of the Catholic Church on the nature of penance, the authority of the pope and the usefulness of indulgences. His commitment also induced him to write political and polemical texts. Martin Luther, ein theologisches Meisterwerk, sind kostenlos auf Projekt Gutenberg verfügbar. He was especially concerned about the sale of indulgences, where people could buy a certificate that they believed would reduce their punishment for sins. In this document he criticized the church’s sale of indulgences. In nomine domini nostri Hiesu Christi. The Ninety-Five Theses are reproduced in their entirety. Mary's, sometimes known as the Reformation Memorial Church, is a Lutheran church in Wittenberg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The 95 Theses Out of love for the truth and from desire to elucidate it, the Reverend Father Martin Luther, Master of Arts and Sacred Theology, and ordinary lecturer therein at Wittenberg, intends to defend the following statements and to dispute on them in that place. Download now and explore its significance. The 95 Theses of Martin Luther (1517) Dennis Bratcher, ed. Martin Luther Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany at All Saints Eve, October 31 (Old calendar) 1517 This document study gives a brief historical account of Martin Luther's 95 Theses and exposits sections of it in a concise manner. Other English translations can be found here and here. " Luther's theses are engraved into the door of All Saints' Church, Wittenberg; the Latin inscription above informs the reader that the original door was destroyed by a fire, and that in 1857, King Frederick William IV of Prussia ordered that a replacement be made. XXI, mppwpw ut of love for the truth and from desire to elucidate it, the Reverend Father Martin Luther, Master of Arts and Sacred Theology, and ordinary lecturer therein at Wittenberg, intends to defend the following state¬ ments and to dispute on them in that place. Luther's primary aim is to Nov 28, 2008 · The original text of Martin Luther’s 95 Theses in original Latin and translated English text. De 95 teserna De 95 teserna De 95 teserna, egentligen De 95 teserna om avlatens innebörd, i original på latin Disputatio pro declaratione virtutis indulgentiarum, var en diskussionsskrift av Martin Luther som han den 31 oktober 1517 skickade tillsammans med ett brev till ärkebiskopen Albrekt av Magdeburg och Mainz. Original Latin English Translation Martin Luther was a German priest whose disillusionment with the abuses of the 16th century Roman Catholic Church sparked the Reformation. These documents, which span the Reformer's literary career, point to the enduring and flexible character If you ally habit such a referred Luther The 95 Theses books that will have the funds for you worth, acquire the unconditionally best seller from us currently from several preferred authors. More correctly the 95 Theses was actually called the “Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences” by Dr. Both writs were only intended to invite discussion of the topic. Die 95 Thesen von Dr. Indeed, he concluded that only accepting Martin Luther posting the 95 Theses on the door of the Wittenberg Castle church in 1517. Martin Luther Disputatio pro declaratione virtutis indulgentiarum Zuerst veröffentlicht: 1517 Read or listen to the full 95 Theses from Martin Luther that were nailed on the church door at Wittenburg on October 31,1517. “Pœna,” the connection between “pœna” and “pœnitentia” being again sugges-tive. The door that now stands in this place is cast in bronze and bears Luther's theses. It is the site where, according to Philip Melanchthon, the Ninety-five Theses were posted by Martin Luther in 1517, [1] launching the In the Latin, from the Vulgate, “agite pœnitentiam,” sometimes translated “Do pen-ance. Nov 24, 2009 · On October 31, 1517, legend has it that the priest and scholar Martin Luther approaches the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, and nails a piece of paper to it containing the 95 Oct 24, 2024 · If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. By the end of 1517, however, copies of the 95 Theses had been printed in Leipzig, Nuremberg and Basel. The world-famous Thesis Door, today a popular photo motif, is no longer the original door on which Luther probably posted his 95 theses. Reed, Henry Eyster Jacobs, et Al. His theses Sep 26, 2017 · For the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, a new translation of Martin Luther's most famous works by leading Luther scholar and pastor William Russell This volume contains selections from Martin Luther's most evocative and provocative writings, freshly translated, for the 21st century. Martin Luther's 95 Theses Disputation of Doctor Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences by Dr. The present door is made of bronze and contains the text of the theses, in German. Martin Luther was the author of substantial body of written works at the service of the Reformation. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www. His words were like a spark in a powder keg. The event came to be considered the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. This short book (978-1-4514-8279-9) includes a Luther's 95 Theses (1517) Editor’s Introduction: The Ninety-Five Theses, composed originally in Latin, were posted by Martin Luther on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, on October 31, 1517. gutenberg. Theses #4-14 address the power of the pope, challenge the teachings of purgatory, address the corruption of the clergy, and the source of the forgiveness of sins as a direct act from God. In 1517 Luther wrote a list of 95 theses, or statements of his beliefs, about religion. Out of love for the truth and the desire to bring it to light, the following propositions will be discussed at Wittenberg, under the presidency of the Reverend Father Martin Luther, Master of Arts and of Sacred Theology, and Lecturer in Ordinary on the same at that place. (Original painting by Ferdinand Pauwels, public domain Wikimedia Commons) May 27, 2002 · Legends about Luther: Nailing the 95 Theses October 31, 1517: Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg with hammer strokes which echoed throughout all of Europe. He was born in 1483. Reformation Day is a Protestant Christian religious holiday celebrated on 31 October in remembrance of the onset of the Reformation. Sep 11, 2024 · Teach your teen about Martin Luther and The 95 Theses -- A pivotal moment in time during the Reformation that changed the world! Martinho Lutero Em 31 de Outubro de 1517, Martinho Lutero afixou na porta da capela de Wittemberg 95 teses que gostaria de discutir com os teólogos católicos, as quais versavam principalmente sobre penitência, indulgências e a salvação pela fé. Die 95 Thesen Martin Luthers Aus Liebe zur Wahrheit und in dem Bestreben, diese zu ergründen, soll in Wittenberg unter dem Vorsitz des ehrwürdigen Vaters Martin Luther, Magisters der freien Künste und der heiligen Theologie sowie deren ordentlicher Professor daselbst, über die folgenden Sätze disputiert werden. The theses were originally hand-written, but very quickly were printed and distributed throughout Europe. He never imagined that his solitary protest would set off a chain reaction that would re-form the church. Amen. Deshalb bittet er die, die nicht anwesend sein und mündlich mit uns "Aus Liebe zur Wahrheit und im Verlangen, sie zu erhellen…", so lautet der Beginn jener akademischen Disputationsschrift „ zur Klärung der Kraft der Ablässe “, die im Jahre 1517 die Grundlage für die Reformation legte und den Wittenberger Mönch und Theologen Dr. Luther's transition from priesthood to professor, without his knowledge, would remarkably change his life, and, Sep 22, 2017 · The 31 st October 2017 marks the 500 th anniversary of Martin Luther’s 95 Theses, a text that sparked the Reformation. I. Mar 12, 2013 · Does the original copy of Martin Luthers 95 Theses still exist and if so where is it - trivia question /questions answer / answers Jun 30, 2025 · Call Number: Online - free - HathiTrust Digital Library First principles of the Reformation; or, The Ninety-five Theses and the Three Primary Works of Luther Translated into English by Martin Luther Call Number: Online - free - HathiTrust Hymns of the Reformation by Martin Luther et al. The castle tower, visible from afar, is framed by a line from one of Luther's hymns: "A strong fortress is our God. Quare petit, ut qui non possunt verbis presentes nobiscum disceptare agant id literis absentes. According to Philip Melanchthon, 31 October 1517 was the day Martin Luther nailed his Ninety-five Theses on the door of the All Saints' Church in Wittenberg, Electorate of Saxony, in the Holy Roman Empire. Luther nailed the 95 Theses to the church door of Wittenberg, and the Catholic Church later excommunicated him for these views. bvbr iyds gctn mpvvz jmkn gjquqbn djav lhxjgut ahdi ccki